An Evaluation Report On Prince Edward Island

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation Report On Prince Edward Island. Answer: Introduction The PEI or Prince Edward Island information system is a province wide computer system introduced in Canada, which enables healthcare providers and pharmacists to access the centralized medication profile (Bassi Lau, 2013). These information systems enable their authorized users to share, manage, safeguard and access patients medicinal history. According to Jeff Jardine who is a pharmacist at Prince Edward Island Drug Information System has helped and contributed a lot to improve patients safety and health. He explains It helps us in catching up with past records of our patients even when they had went to some other pharmacist. This helps me to prevent any drug interaction or allergy that I may not be aware of. It helps me to see the complete picture at one go. He explains how people find it difficult to remember the dosage they have to take. Having a drug information system enables us to prepare a prescription according to their condition. (Borycki, Kushniruk, Carvalho,2013) Evaluation The implementation of this program in provincial pharmacies and community started in the year 2008 and the implementation with physicians and healthcare centers are still going on (Aung, Whittaker,2013). In this evaluation the project life cycle is considered for early benefits, oppurtunities for improvement and improvements that have occurred since 2009. A framework was created for the evaluation based on these questions:- Implementations Questions- Was the Drug Information System implemented as planned? Was the change management effective? Outcome questions- If the Drug Information system is achieving the objectives and whether it is giving stakeholder benefits? If the Drug information systems achieving stated objectives for the patients Questions that are asked for the implantation process are answered fully through a description based on mandates and documents from the year 2015 benefit evaluation, whereas the questions that were asked for the outcome related part were answered based on the end user survey and administrative data review. (Lau, Kuziemsky, Price, Gardner,2010) Methods The data that was used in this evaluation was collected in two ways, the administrative data was collected from the Drug information system warehouse. Other than that a survey of physicians, health care providers and pharmacists was also used from the Drug information system. Administrative Data Review The data that was used from the Drug Information system warehouse was used to study the outcomes of limited number of physicians, patients, the overall system and pharmacists. The Drug Information System is still being rolled out to the physicians in different contexts therefore the outcomes of the target group would vary. However for now the focus is on system outcomes, pharmacists and patients. Descriptive statistics are used to analyse the data that was relevant. Pharmacist, Health Care Provider Study and Physician All the people who were using Drug Information System irrespective whether they were health care providers, patients and pharmacists were interviewed about their experience with the system. The survey was developed by Canada Health Infoway and covered dimensions such as information, service quality, improvements, system functions and system that were changed since its introduction. Infoways aim is to ensure that all Canadians profiles are stored in the jurisdiction drug information repository. This information has to be made available for the authorized clinicians. Till 2014 about 60% of the Canadians information was stored in this system that is triple than the numbers that were achieved in 2006 (Kushniruk, Kaipio, Nieminen, Hyppnen, Lveri, Nohr, Kanstrup, Berg Christiansen, Kuo, Borycki, 2014 )An email invite was sent to the Prince Edward Island pharmacists and those were counted in the survey who actively responded to the email. Number of dimensions were used in the survey and so me of these were- Profession (whether respondents is a physician, pharmacist, or health care professional), Work Location (which county did the respondent belong to), Length of use (how long have they been using the system), and computer proficiency (how proficient were they in using computers). (Smylie, Firestone, 2015), (Borycki, Kushniruk, 2010) Limitations As the period that the system has been online is quite long before this evaluation the limitations were alleviated due to the lengthy period (Gooch Roudsari ,2011)There were many improvements from the previous evaluation as now no paper based surveys were used but emails were used to submit the surveys. Findings Implementation and change management process:- The Prince Edward Island information system met the targets that were set by Canada Health Infoway or CHI. This system has been exceptionally useful. But the physician uptakes have not geared up in speed, even now therefore it is realized that the full benefits of this system has still not met. There has been valid evidence that end user satisfaction is suffering due to the lack of physicians as visible improvements are needed in recruiting physicians for this system. In our investigation we found out that there has been steady drop in on-going support and training of physicians that are added for the system training. (Zinszer, Tamblyn, W Bates, Buckeridge,2013) Drug information system outcome:- Data was made available from the drug information system warehouse that was about the service quality indicators and patient outcomes. Data was reviewed in areas about multiple prescribers, drug utilization reviews, patient compliance, patients profiles views according to location, time required for to resolve tickets by DeltaWare system and seniors medication use. We observed the first two years period for the first stage users for the time the drug information system was made available online. Baseline numbers are used to track and control issues related to poly pharmacy behavior, senior medication use, ticket resolution time, poly-doctor behavior, patients profile views, DUR messaging and patient compliance based on achievements in pharmacist and patients outcomes. Majority of these baseline numbers are also used to track the physician intake and its effects. (Lau, Price, Boyd, Partridge, Bell, Raworth,2013) Project Plan The aim of the Drug Information system was to link the sites across province and settings in a database of electronic records of the patients. This centralized medical database was accessible from the Drug Information system that provided information about drug allergies and prescribed medications. Through this Drug Information System the healthcare workers can record, manage and view any information about the drug online. They can also interact with the decision supporting tools and can prescribe medications online. Proposed Benefits Number of benefits was proposed to the key stakeholders. Patients:- Patient satisfaction level will be increased by the use of this system Treatments will be enhanced to a better level through this Drug Information System As medical professionals will have a shared view, counseling of the patients will be better. This shared view will ensure better communication between health care providers and health facilities providers This will reduce the hospital stay and physician visits. Pharmacies/pharmacists The efficiency for the care of the patients is greatly increased through cognitive services and professional counseling Patients that are under multiple providers are benefited by improved drug therapy management Reduced risk of dispensing and medication errors Physicians As the physicians are able to access complete information about the patient, the effectiveness of the care automatically improves This system ensures that physicians get an ability to intervene in any inappropriate drug use Physicians also get access to discharge medication through the health facility data Administrative Data Review Administrative data from the Data Information System provides insights into groups such as pharmacists and patients. This system till now is being used by very few physicians therefore data related to their use is limited. Patient Outcomes It is crucial that the patients fill the prescriptions properly as only that information can ensure that they get proper medications from the physicians. As the Drug Information System had been online for more than two years the data available is greater than any sample taken for a month. Multiple Prescribers It is key concern in the health care sector that there are multiple prescribers that have to be dealt with. Through this system it is possible to poly doctor. Seniors medication use One of the functions that this system served is to effectively track seniors (65 years)( Lafortune, Huson, Santi, Stolee,2015) Most common medications that were prescribed When the data was entered about the most commonly prescribed medications a picture was provided about the common drugs being prescribed to the patients of Prince Edward Island patients. These medications were most commonly prescribed to patients from Prince Edward Island:- NOVO-Hydrazide Metadol Lipitor Celebrex RATIO-Salbutamol-HFA RATIO-Omeprazole Synthriod Plavix Crestor APO-Ramipril Through this list we can denote that the majority of patients are suffering from asthma and cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacist Outcomes The Drug Information System is being used by a number of pharmacists who are viewing profiles of patients. But even the compliance of pharmacists can be tracked through this system by viewing the Drug Utilization Reviews. (Whittaker, Hodge, E Mares, Rodney,2015) System outcomes The frequency of the use of the Drug Information System is determined by the number of patients profiles views by the pharmacies.( Nutley, Reynolds,2013) Physicians, Health Care Provider Survey and Pharmacist The survey covered areas such as service use, satisfaction, service quality and information. Respondents were asked whether they were satisfied with the system. System Quality was another area that was asked about (McGinn, Gagnon, Shaw, Sicotte, Mathieu, Leduc, Grenier, Duplantie, Abdeljelil, Lgar, 2012) Service quality of the system whether it is unacceptable, acceptable or neither unacceptable nor acceptable. Results of the survey showed that respect to satisfaction has been made in quality of care, the relevance of information, focus of the work and the speed of the information. The progress was slow due to the lack of physicians and lack of coordination in training and information. (Ahanhanzo, Ouedraogo, Kpozhouen, Coppieters, Makoutod, Dramaix ,2015),( Aminpour, Sadoughi, Ahamdi,2014) (Choi, 2012) Pan Canadian Indicators The areas such as provider efficiency, actual use, system functionality, intention and system functionality are the Pan Canadian Indicators. The Drug Information system is a fit for these indicators. Disadvantages There are many disadvantages of Drug Information systems like the Prince Edward Island Drug information system:- Lack of job security and Unemployment:- these system do save a lot of time and efforts after their implementation. Time required doing a lot of paperwork and labor mechanic work is saved. Financial transactions are done automatically. These tasks that were previously done by humans are done in a fraction of time by these systems. This technology usage causes humans to lose their jobs and gives rise to large scale unemployment. (Kayser, Kushniruk, Osborne, Norgaard, Turner,2015) Security issues:- another threat that arises from information systems like these are hackers and thieves getting the data that are saved on these databases. The data includes medical history and personal data of numerous people. The hackers can use this sensitive information against the patients. (Jawhari, Ludwick, Keenan, Zakus, Hayward,2016) Implementation costs:- the cost that is attached to implementing systems like these is huge. Recommendations In order to ensure that long term goals for the Data Information system are met continuity planning, reviewing of procedures and comprising change management is essential. In order to ensure the sound functioning of the Data Information system we need to establish strict security standards as recommended by the Attorney general. For better knowledge transfer and better understanding new communication should be established for Data Information system end users which will enable better understanding of the Data Information system updates and features Regular communications and on-site visits are required to focus on end user support and training. This would help in alleviating concerns that were pointed out in online survey with collaboration with the software vendors. Checking of the project documentation and Data Information system management structure to create a protocol for updates. With respect to the Drug utilization reviews or DURs system stability and response time should always be prioritized for providing efficient service. Conclusion The Drug Information system is achieving the Canadian health Infoway targets by good uptake. This has been demonstrated by the data that was made available for the patient outcomes, performance monitoring, quality and safety activities. This evaluation report shows that there are definitive impacts and trends of the system. Health care providers have reported a low satisfaction with Drug information system for now but they do believe that this system is improving (Dixon, Pina, Kharrazi, Gharghabi, Richards ,2015)It is visible that these improvements will increase over time and the system will become better with time. An ongoing impediment for the system is the limited participation of the physicians which is prohibiting in realizing the full use of the system. The level of satisfaction can be increased by role clarity, information sharing and increased communication. Satisfaction among the providers can also be increased by confirming the long term visions that were set for the Drug Information System. References Kushniruk, J. Kaipio, M. Nieminen, H. Hyppnen, T. Lveri, C. Nohr, A. M. Kanstrup, M. Berg Christiansen, M.-H. Kuo, E. Borycki (2014). Human Factors in the Large: Experiences from Denmark, Finland and Canada in Moving Towards Regional and National Evaluations of Health Information System Usability: Contribution of the IMIA Human Factors Working Group. Yearb Med Inform. , 6781. Badeia Jawhari, Dave Ludwick, Louanne Keenan, David Zakus, Robert Hayward (2016). Benefits and challenges of EMR implementations in low resource settings: a state-of-the-art review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak , 116. Brian E. Dixon, Jamie Pina, Hadi Kharrazi, Fardad Gharghabi, Janise Richards (2015). Whats Past is Prologue: A Scoping Review of Recent Public Health and Global Health Informatics Literature. Online J Public Health Inform , 83-89. Carrie Anna McGinn, Marie-Pierre Gagnon, Nicola Shaw, Claude Sicotte, Luc Mathieu, Yvan Leduc, Sonya Grenier, Julie Duplantie, Anis Ben Abdeljelil, France Lgar (2012). Users perspectives of key factors to implementing electronic health records in Canada: a Delphi study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak , 105. Choi, Bernard C. K. (2012). The Past, Present, and Future of Public Health Surveillance. Scientifica , 78-82. Claire Lafortune, Kelsey Huson, Selena Santi, Paul Stolee (2015). Community-based primary health care for older adults: a qualitative study of the perceptions of clients, caregivers and health care providers. BMC Geriatr , 57. E.M Borycki, A.W Kushniruk (2010). Towards an Integrative Cognitive-Socio-Technical Approach in Health Informatics: Analyzing Technology-Induced Error Involving Health Information Systems to Improve Patient Safety. Open Med Inform J. , 181187. Eindra Aung, Maxine Whittaker (2013). Preparing routine health information systems for immediate health responses to disasters. Health Policy Plan , 495507. Elizabeth Borycki, Andre Kushniruk, Christopher Carvalho (2013). A Methodology for Validating Safety Heuristics Using Clinical Simulations: Identifying and Preventing Possible Technology-Induced Errors Related to Using Health Information Systems. Comput Math Methods Med. , 46-58. Farzaneh Aminpour, Farahnaz Sadoughi, Maryam Ahamdi (2014). Utilization of open source electronic health record around the world: A systematic review. J Res Med Sci , 5764. Francis Lau, Craig Kuziemsky, Morgan Price, Jesse Gardner (2010). A review on systematic reviews of health information system studies. J Am Med Inform Assoc , 637645. Francis Lau, Morgan Price, Jeanette Boyd, Colin Partridge, Heidi Bell, Rebecca Raworth (2012). Impact of electronic medical record on physician practice in office settings: a systematic review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. , 51-56. Janet Smylie, Michelle Firestone (2015). Back to the basics: Identifying and addressing underlying challenges in achieving high quality and relevant health statistics for indigenous populations in Canada. Stat J IAOS , 6787. Jesdeep Bassi, Francis Lau (2013). Measuring value for money: a scoping review on economic evaluation of health information systems. J Am Med Inform Assoc , 792801. Kate Zinszer, Robyn Tamblyn, David W Bates, David L Buckeridge (2013). A qualitative study of health information technology in the Canadian public health system. BMC Public Health , 509. Lars Kayser, Andre Kushniruk, Richard H Osborne, Ole Norgaard, Paul Turner (2015). Enhancing the Effectiveness of Consumer-Focused Health Information Technology Systems Through eHealth Literacy: A Framework for Understanding Users' Needs. JMIR Hum Factors , 34-39. Maxine Whittaker, Nicola Hodge, Renata E Mares, Anna Rodney (2015). Preparing for the data revolution: identifying minimum health information competencies among the health workforce. Hum Resour Health , 17. Phil Gooch, Abdul Roudsari (2011). Computerization of workflows, guidelines, and care pathways: a review of implementation challenges for process-oriented health information systems. J Am Med Inform Assoc , 738748. Tara Nutley, Heidi W. Reynolds (2013). Improving the use of health data for health system strengthening. Glob Health Action , 78-89. Yolaine Gll Ahanhanzo, Laurent T Ouedraogo, Alphonse Kpozhouen, Yves Coppieters, Michel Makoutod, Michle Wilmet-Dramaix (2015). Factors associated with data quality in the routine health information system of Benin. Arch Public Health , 25.

Juvenile Delinquency Essays - Parenting, Childhood, Crime

Juvenile Delinquency There is no doubt that various experts can give us many theories as to the causes of juvenile delinquency, including one's economic background, substance abuse, delinquent peer groups, repeated exposure to violence, increased availability of firearms and media violence, however, I feel that the number one cause of juvenile delinquency is the breakdown of families, including lack of parental control over children. It is ironic in America, today, one must have a driver's license to operate a vehicle, a permit to own a gun and even a license to own a dog, but one does not have to have training or a license in order to become a parent. Without specialized educational programs in child development and parenting, many of our future parents will not have a chance at becoming successful parents and worse, yet, many parents today are already contributing to the ever increasing problem of juvenile delinquency simply by not knowing how to be parents. Being a parent is a lifelong commitment and new parents must learn parenting skills immediately; they do not have the luxury of internships and often times, mistakes in parenting will have drastic effects on the child. There are many reasons for the widespread crisis in families today. Below are some of those causes: Changes in the Social Environment - there have been many changes in our social environment over the last twenty five years. These changes have made a risky environment for today's youth. Children and teenagers spend more time with peer groups than ever before. Drugs and deadly weapons are used increasingly as ways to solve problems. Illicit and explicit sexuality and violence are the main subjects of choice in the media; and the impact of media influence has widened and become more vivid with the introduction of computers, video games, portable stereos and MTV. Changes in Family Structure and Functioning - The prevalence of divorce and the increasing number of women in the workplace have reduced the number of adults who provide interaction, structure and supervision in a child's life. Along with this, institutions have not kept pace in providing alternative programs for unsupervised kids. Add to this new parenting expectations that come with single parent and step- parent families and you now have a confusing, often inconsistent and/ or unreliable home base for children. Confusion About Parent Roles and Parent Control - When children reach adolescence, conflict between parents and teens normally increases as teens need to distance themselves from parental identity to establish their own identity. Experts agree they are generally three parenting styles that reportedly escalate these conflicts. The authoritarian parent tends to emphasize rules and very harsh consequences. There is little room for discussion or negotiation. The indulgent parent tends to spoil the child and expects little or no responsibility at home, choosing instead to clean up after the child both at home and in his social misbehavior. The indifferent parent is so preoccupied with his/her own life and activities that little time and energy is given to either involvement or appropriate structure. The type of parenting that does work is simply called authoritative parenting. This type of parent assumes a role of authority in the child's life, but the rules and structure are sensible and flexible to accommodate the child's growth toward adolescence and young adulthood. The parent's intelligent explanations of the rules plus reasonable enforcement help to maintain a steady reduction of control as the child matures.

Cempoala - Totonac Capital and Ally of Hernan Cortes

Cempoala - Totonac Capital and Ally of Hernan Cortes Cempoala, also known as Zempoala or Cempolan, was the capital of the Totonacs, a pre-Columbian group that emigrated to the Gulf Coast of Mexico from the central Mexican highlands sometime before the Late Postclassic period. The name is a Nahuatl one, meaning twenty water or abundant water, a reference to the many rivers in the region. It was the first urban settlement encountered by the Spanish colonization forces in the early 16th century. The citys ruins lie near the mouth of the Actopan River about 8 kilometers (five miles) in from the Gulf of Mexico. When it was visited by Hernan Cortà ©s in 1519, the Spaniards found a huge population, estimated at between 80,000-120,000; it was the most populous city in the region.   Cempoala reached its fluorescence between the 12th and 16th century AD, after the previous capital El Tajin was abandoned after being invaded by Toltecan-Chichimecans. The City of Cempoala At its height during the late 15th century, Cempoalas population was organized into nine precincts. The urban core of Cempoala, which includes a monumental sector, covered a surface area of 12 hectares (~30 acres); housing for the citys population spread far beyond that. The urban center was laid out in the way common  to Totonac regional urban centers, with many circular temples dedicated to the wind god Ehecatl. There are 12 large, irregularly shaped walled compounds in the city center that contain the main public architecture, temples, shrines, palaces, and open plazas. The major compounds were composed of large temples bordered by platforms, which elevated the buildings above the flood level. The compound walls were not very high, serving as a symbolic function identifying the spaces which were not open to the public rather than for  defense purposes. Architecture at Cempoala Cempoalas central Mexican urban design and art reflect the norms of the central Mexican highlands, ideas which were reinforced by the late 15th-century Aztec dominance. Most of the architecture is built of river cobbles cemented together, and the buildings were roofed in perishable materials. Special structures such as temples, shrines, and elite residences had a masonry architecture built of cut stone. Important buildings include the Sun temple or Great Pyramid; the Quetzalcoatl temple; the Chimney Temple, which includes a series of semicircular pillars; the Temple of Charity (or Templo de las Caritas), named after the numerous stucco skulls that adorned its walls; the Cross Temple, and the El Pimiento compound, which has exterior walls decorated with skull representations. Many of the buildings have platforms with multiple stories of low height and vertical profile. Most are rectangular with broad stairways. Sanctuaries were dedicated with polychrome designs on a white background. Agriculture The city was surrounded by an extensive canal system and a series of aqueducts which provided water to the farm fields around the urban center as well as the residential areas. This extensive canal system allowed water distribution to fields, diverting water from main river channels. The canals were part of (or built onto) a large wetland irrigation system that is thought to have been built during the Middle Postclassic [AD 1200-1400] period. The system included an area of sloping field terraces, on which the city grew cotton, maize, and agave. Cempoala used their surplus crops to participate in the Mesoamerican trade system, and historic records report that when famine struck the Valley of Mexico between 1450-1454, the Aztecs were forced to barter their children to Cempoala for maize stores. The urban Totonacs at Cempoala and other Totonac cities used home gardens (calmil), backyard gardens which provided domestic groups at the family or clan level with vegetables, fruits, spices, medicines, and fibers. They also had private orchards of cacao or fruit trees. This dispersed agrosystem gave the residents flexibility and autonomy, and, after the Aztec Empire took hold, allowed the homeowners to pay tributes. Ethnobotanist Ana Lid del Angel-Perez argues that the home gardens may also  have acted as a laboratory, where people tested and validated new crops and methods of growing. Cempoala Under the Aztecs and Cortà ©s In 1458, the Aztecs under the rule of Motecuhzoma I invaded the region of the Gulf Coast. Cempoala, among other cities, was subjugated and became a tributary of the Aztec empire. Tributary items demanded by the Aztecs in payment included cotton, maize, chili, feathers, gems, textiles, Zempoala-Pachuca (green) obsidian, and many other products. Hundreds of Cempoalas inhabitants became slaves. When the Spanish conquest arrived in 1519 on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, Cempoala was one of the first cities visited by Cortà ©s. The Totonac ruler, hoping to break away from Aztec domination, soon became allies of Cortà ©s and his army. Cempoala was also the theater of the 1520 Battle of Cempoala between Cortà ©s and the captain Pnfilo de Narvaez, for the leadership in the Mexican conquest, which Cortà ©s handily won. After the Spanish arrival, smallpox, yellow fever, and malaria spread throughout Central America. Veracruz was among the earliest regions affected, and the population of Cempoala sharply declined. Eventually, the city was abandoned and the survivors moved to Xalapa, another important city of Veracruz. Cempoala Archaeological Zone Cempoala was first explored archaeologically at the end of the 19th century by Mexican scholar Francisco del Paso y Troncoso. American archaeologist Jesse Fewkes documented the site with photographs in 1905, and the first extensive studies were conducted by Mexican archaeologist Josà © Garcà ­a Payà ³n between the 1930s and 1970s. Modern excavations at the site were conducted by the Mexican National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) between 1979-1981, and Cempoalas central core was recently mapped by photogrammetry (Mouget and Lucet 2014). The site is located on the eastern edge of the modern town of Cempoala, and it is open to visitors year-round. Sources Adams REW. 2005 [1977], Prehistoric Mesoamerica. Third Edition. Norman: University of Oklahoma PressBruggemann JK. 1991. Zempoala: El estudio de una ciudad prehispanica. Coleccion Cientifica vol 232 INAH Mexico. Brumfiel EM, Brown KL, Carrasco P, Chadwick R, Charlton TH, Dillehay TD, Gordon CL, Mason RD, Lewarch DE, Moholy-Nagy H, et al. 1980. Specialization, Market Exchange, and the Aztec State: A View From Huexotla [and Comments and Reply]. Current Anthropology 21(4):459-478.del Angel-Pà ©rez AL. 2013. Homegardens and the dynamics of Totonac domestic groups in Veracruz, Mexico. Anthropological Notebooks 19(3):5-22.Mouget A, and Lucet G. 2014. Photogrammetric archaeological survey with UAV. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II(5):251-258.Sluyter A, and Siemens AH. 1992. Vestiges of Prehispanic, Sloping-Field Terraces on the Piedmont of Central Veracruz, Mexico. Latin American Antiquity 3(2):148-160.Smith ME. 2013. The Aztecs. New Yo rk: Wiley-Blackwell. Wilkerson, SJK. 2001. Zempoala (Veracruz, Mexico) In: Evans ST, and Webster DL, editors. Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishing Inc. p 850-852. Edited and updated by K. Kris Hirst

Salary assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Salary assignment - Research Paper Example The Alberta wage survey is said to cover 400 occupations providing information about the salaries and wages for both full time and part-time employees. This has been an analysis taken in 2011. The information provided, on the other hand, is based on the occupation, geographical areas of the employees and the industry group in Alberta (WAGEinfo., 2012). The survey is said to have played and still does play a great role to the lives of the individuals in Alberta. Its role, therefore, is to help them make both their career and educational plans. The survey also determines the pay scales and, hence, developing effective public policy. Lastly, the survey is responsible for the provision of the skill shortages (Government of Alberta, 2012). Embarking on the survey conducted in 2009, we are notified that the employment and the immigration department in Alberta collaborated with the service from Canada to conduct a survey on the Alberta wages and salaries every 2 years (Government of Alberta, 2012). The survey, conversely, is meant to gather the information about the employees both full time and part time depending on their occupation, geographical area and industry group. The information gathered was meant to help the people in Alberta for ‘transition into the workforce’ (ERL, 2012). Therefore, from the above table we can deduce that the minimum starting salary for a cabinetmaker is $12, while the highest salary is $23. This leads to an average salary of $17.24. On the other hand, the top salary a cabinetmaker can get is a minimum of $22 while the highest salary is $27 leading to an average of $35 (Clark, 1998). According to Clark (1998), the minimum starting salary of a carpenter is $14 while the highest is $38.63. The average starting salary is $22.74. In addition, the top salary of a carpenter is a minimum of $25 and a maximum of $45 leading to an average salary of $32.61. The chefs get a minimum starting salary

Promotional and Advertising Strategies Assignment - 2

Promotional and Advertising Strategies - Assignment Example From this discussion it is clear that  the owners of the Ford still have the primary control of their company compared to GM that is politically controlled and the federal government has some impact on the business. The two companies are very different in culture as well as their marketing strategies. For example, General Motors have pulled itself out of Facebook while Ford is making the platform to influence the world more and more. GM got assistance from the government to overcome the storm while Ford found its way to the crisis and survived.This paper outlines that  the social marketing strategy of the two companies is interesting in several ways like, while GM strives and tries to use the traditional methods in marketing their products by abandoning their Facebook account, Ford is on the other hand attempting to embrace the social platform to connect with its customers that give it a competitive edge.  Scholars have always talked about using social media as one way of reach ing the potential customers of a given product and get a lot of benefits from this strategy. Comparing these two companies, Ford has been ranked as the number one company using Facebook to help itself, their brand and the stakeholders too. Ford is said to understand the ways of reaching the new market while GM does not seem to understand these methods.  While GM tries to dictate where it wants its customers to go, Ford, on the other hand, tries to listen to its clients and make products that suit their customers' specifications.

Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Essay Example for Free

Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Essay Quantitative research – is a formal, objective, systematic research which bases on precise figures. While conducting such kind of research, an investigator collects and analyzes data and statistics. The main purposes of applying quantitative method of research are: description of variables; examination of relationship among variables; determination of cause-and-effect interactions between variables (Burns Grove,2005). Qualitative research – in contrast to quantitative, is a kind of research which mainly concentrates on observations, questionnaires, reports and other ways of subjective investigations. The key features of qualitative research are: focus on meanings, perspectives and understandings; emphasis on process; inductive analysis, and grounded theory (Woods, 2006). The basic differences between quantitative and qualitative research lie in methods and instruments they apply, types of data they collect and generate, in their main perspectives. The instruments used in quantitative research are strict about extracting information and dividing it into categories. Quantitative methods are highly structured and include various surveys, questionnaires, and structured observations. In qualitative research, more flexible and frequentative instruments are applied. Qualitative methods, unlike quantitative ones, are semi-structured. To these methods belong interview, focus group, questionnaire, and participant observation. Quantitative research, in contrast to qualitative, operates with numerical data. Qualitative research, as a rule, uses textual data (Mack, Woodsong, et al., 2005). The most important feature which differentiates one research from another is flexibility. Usually, the procedure of quantitative research is prescribed in advance. Therefore, it excludes any unforeseen changes during the process of research. For instance, the questions in quantitative research are well thought-out, concrete, and closed. Moreover, the order of questions is also fixed. In such a way, quantitative research, due to its inflexibility, makes meaningful contribution to common investigation. The stages of qualitative research may be changed during the research procedure. The questions in qualitative research are mostly open. It enables the participants to give more reasonable answers and sometimes, even to go into detail. Therefore, spontaneity became a distinctive feature of qualitative research, which made the process of research less formal (Mack, Woodsong, et al., 2005). References Burns, N., Grove, S.K. (2005). The practice of nursing research: conduct, critique, and utilization (5th Ed.). St. Louis, Elsevier Saunders. Retrieved from http://www.researchproposalsforhealthprofessionals.com/definition_of_quantitative_resea.htm Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, M. K., Guest, G., Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative research methods: A data collector’s field guide. Retrieved from http://www.fhi360.org/nr/rdonlyres/emgox4xpcoyrysqspsgy5ww6mq7v4e44etd6toiejyxalhbmk5sdnef7fqlr3q6hlwa2ttj5524xbn/datacollectorguideenrh.pdf Woods, P. (2006). Qualitative research. Retrieved from http://www.edu.plymouth.ac.uk/resined/qualitative%20methods%202/qualrshm.htm

John Locke and the Unequal Distribution of Wealth Essay example -- Empi

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is stated by John Locke that in the state of nature no man may take more then he can consume. â€Å"†¦make use of any advantage of life before it spoils†¦whatever is beyond this is more than his share and belongs to others. Nothing was made by God for man to spoil or destroy. (Locke 14)† Locke then goes on to say, â€Å"God gave the world to man †¦ for their benefit and the greatest conveniences of life they were capable to draw from it, it cannot be supposed he meant it should always remain common and uncultivated. He gave it to the use of the industrious and rational- and labor was to be his title†¦ (Lock 15)† Both of statements can stand alone, each could be argued. For starters, it is not only selfish to take more then you ever will be able to use, it is just stupid, and if you make it with your sweat, why shouldn’t it be yours to keep or profit from. The only problem is, that one of these statements is the head of a starving serpent, and the other its delicious tale. It is hard to believe the head could stay alive without devouring the tale. We should start this argument at the head and work our way down. If John Locke were alive today he would be a lawyer. Not just any lawyer though, a big business lawyer working for a company like Enron. He would try to justify the destruction caused by overly rich, overly powerful people, with statements such as ones that will follow. When first reading Locke you might think, â€Å" Hey, this guy sounds like a lawyer....